Why the population of Crimea is aging rapidly, see the next video. Ukrainian president Zelenskiy drew attention to this fact in August 2022 when he stated that it was "necessary to liberate Crimea" from Russian occupation and to re-establish "world law and order",[91] after he said "Russians are realising Crimea is not a place for them."[92]. Odessa stands where the coast turns southwest. Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.The city is also the administrative centre of the Odesa Raion and Odesa Oblast, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre.The population in 2021 was 1,015,826 (2021 est.) In 1783, the Crimean Tatars formed the dominant ethnic group. wendover at river oaks apartments. Autonomous Republic of Crimea May 16 - 30, 2013 . Russian is least prevalent in Pervomayske but . [127] Due to Russia currently being suspended from all international athletic competitions Rebrik participates in tournaments as a "neutral" athlete.[128]. Crimea, Ukrainian Krym, also spelled Krim, autonomous republic, southern Ukraine. A 2.4 million-strong population is too much economy-wise for a military base Russia has been turning the annexed Crimea into. The Crimean peninsula was Christianised at an early time, via Gothic Christianity, in the 4th century. Stay up to date with what you want to know. However, with the fall of the Soviet Union, exiled Crimean Tatars began returning to their homeland and accounted for 10% of the population by the beginning of the 21st century. These are the ancestors of the modern people who, together with the Mongols, moved to the West. The recorded history of the Crimean Peninsula begins around the 5th century BCE when several Greek colonies were established along its coast, the most important of which was Chersonesos near modern day Sevastopol, with Scythians and Tauri in the hinterland to the north. The city is home to about 1,236.2 people, and in the villages - about 730 people. After a survey of Crimeans, it turned out that in the territory of the peninsula live: The population on the Crimean Peninsula changes every year, as elsewhere. [122] Notwithstanding the annexation, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) kept control of its eparchies in Crimea.[123]. Christianity was mostly swept away by the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1230s. Greeks colonized its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek. The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Since 2014 the railways are operated by the Crimea Railway. If you select the available data separately in the table, then it will be next. Ethnic composition of Crimea's population has changed dramatically since the early 20th century. The processes of urbanization on the peninsula *4 "This is the policy of the Russian Federation. [56] The number of tourist arrivals reached a record in 2012 at 6.1million. [82][83] In general they prohibit the sale, supply, transfer, or export of goods and technology in several sectors, including services directly related to tourism and infrastructure. A series of 18 sonnets constitute an artistic telling of a journey to and through the Crimea, they feature romantic descriptions of the oriental nature and culture of the East which show the despair of an exile longing for the homeland, driven from his home by a violent enemy. Its south coast was Greek speaking first as Greek colonies (7th or 6th century BC and following), then under the Bosporan Kingdom (480 BC - 63 BC), Romans (47 BC -330 AD) and their successor states, the Byzantine Empire (330 AD - 1204 AD), the Empire of Trebizond (1204 AD - 1461 AD), and the independent Principality of Theodoro (1461 AD - 1475 AD). Further southwest is Tyras/Akkerman/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. The peninsula's dark history of ethnic cleansing is visible in the following chart from Reuters. The Republic of Crimea, officially part of Ukraine, lies on a peninsula stretching out from the south of Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Until 2014 the network was part of the Cisdneper Directorate of the Ukrainian Railways. The terrain that lies south of the sheltering Crimean Mountain range is of an altogether different character. The proportions by nationalitythe common term for ethnicity in post-Soviet countriesin the sample closely correspond to their ratios in the Crimean census of 2014. "Instead of the pre-war permanent population of the Crimean peninsula of 2,350,504 people, we are currently dealing with a de facto population of at least 3,100,000 people. At the head of Sevastopol Bay stands Inkermann/Kalamita. [50] In July mean temperatures range from 15.4C (59.7F) in Ai-Petri to 23.4C (74.1F) in the central parts of Crimea to 24.4C (75.9F) in Myskhor. In the 1760s Russia became the most populous state in Europe. Further development plans consist a bypass line between Simferopol and Kerch, and a complete electrification of the network with changing the voltage of the already electrified lines from 3 kV DC to 25 kV 50Hz AC. The classical name was used in 1802 in the name of the Russian Taurida Governorate. [48] The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers. Crimea is almost an island and only connected to the continent by the Isthmus of Perekop, a strip of land about 57 kilometres (3.14.3mi) wide. Crimea (called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period) has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. During the Russian Civil War, Crimea changed hands many times and was where Wrangel's anti-Bolshevik White Army made their last stand. In an essay on the Nazaccent.ru portal yesterday, Lyang says that the way . In 2014, after the return of the Russian peninsula, according to the census, the population of the peninsula was about 2 million people. However, the ethnic population of the Crimean Tatars is increasing by 0.9% annually. Language: Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar. They list seven ports where cruise ships cannot dock. [48], Mean annual temperatures range from 10C (50.0F) in the far north (Armiansk) to 13C (55.4F) in the far south (Yalta). Older plants in operation include the Sevastopol TEC (close to Inkerman) which uses AEG and Ganz Elektro turbines and turbogenerators generating about 25 MW each, Sinferopol TEC (north, in Agrarne locale) Yepvatoria, Kamysh Burun TEC (Kerch south Zaliv) and a few others. In 1762 its population comprised eighteen percent of the total population of Europe (23.2 of 130.0 million people); in 1800, twenty two percent (39 of 175 million); in 1850, twenty seven percent (68.5 of 255 million); and in 1910 thirty two percent (161 of 505 million). 05.07.2021 11:10 During Russia's occupation of Crimea, population growth on the peninsula has amounted to 1 million people due to migration from Russia. Crimea is geographically and demographically divided into three regions, the steppe interior, the mountains, and the coast. Sea of Azov: There is little on the south shore. [48] The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240260 days on the south coast. [48] It is characterized by diversity and the presence of microclimates. [94] The governor of Sevastopol is Dmitry Ovsyannikov who was first appointed on 28 July 2016 following the resignation of Sergey Menyaylo, and secured re-election on 71% of the vote on 10 September 2017. [49], Most of the peninsula receives more than 2,000 sunshine hours per year; it reaches up to 2,505 sunshine hours in KarabiYayla in the Crimean mountains. [60] Other products produced on the Crimean Peninsula include salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone (found around Kerch) since ancient times. The 1897 Russian Empire Census for the Taurida Governorate reported: 196,854 (13.06%) Crimean Tatars, 404,463 (27.94%) Russians and 611,121 (42.21%) Ukrainians. Livestock production includes cattle breeding, poultry keeping, and sheep breeding. Page 72, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Regions of Ukraine / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", "Results of Census: Population of Crimea is 2.284 Million People - Information agency "Krym Media", The Persecution of Pontic Greeks in the Soviet Union, administrative divisions of the Taurida Governorate, "The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897 - Taurida Governorate", " Weekly - . [48] Because a high-pressure system is located north of Crimea in both summer and winter, winds predominantly come from the north and northeast year-round. [27], A survey in May 2013, asked respondents what language they spoke at home:[28], Note that the proportion of people in the survey who gave their ethnicity as Ukrainian was 20%, Crimean Tatar 15%. This makes for significant annual fluctuation in water flow, with many streams drying up completely during the summer. There are two railroad lines running through Crimea: the non-electrified ArmianskKerch (with a link to Feodosia), and the electrified MelitopolSimferopol-Sevastopol (with a link to Yevpatoria), connecting Crimea to the Ukrainian mainland. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. Strabo (Geography vii 4.3, xi. According to the same census, the population list looks like this: Small nations, but still living here - Karaites and Kimchaks. Further east is Sudak/Sougdia/Soldaia with its Genoese fort. There are a total of 291 large industrial enterprises and 1002 small business enterprises. [48] Maritime influences from the Black Sea are restricted to coastal areas; in the interior of the peninsula the maritime influence is weak and does not play an important role. [59], The most important industries in Crimea include food production, chemical fields, mechanical engineering, and metalworking, and fuel production industries. Growth Rate-8.80% (237th) World Percentage. The classical name for Crimea, Tauris or Taurica, is from the Greek (Taurik), after the peninsula's Scytho-Cimmerian inhabitants, the Tauri. [48] As a result, the climate favors recreation and tourism. eISBN: 978-1-4744-3387-7. (2001) 2,033,736; (2013 est.) The GenoeseMongol Wars were fought between the 13th and 15th centuries for control of south Crimea.[22]. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. Crimea has always been a multinational region. ", "Crimea Annexation 'Robbery on International Scale', " ", " ::", "Tourist Season A Washout in Annexed Crimea", " , 2014 ", " , 2016 ", "Autonomous Republic of Crimea Information card", "Russia to cover Crimea's $1.5 billion budget deficit with state funds- TV", "Vineyard managers and researchers seek sustainable solutions for mealybugs, a changing pest complex", UC Agriculture and Natural Resources (UC ANR), International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences, "Ukraine's Black Sea gas ambitions seen at risk over Crimea", "East European Gas Analysis Ukrainian Gas Pipelines", "Investment portal of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea investments in Crimea "Chernomorneftegaz" presented a program of development till 2015", "Crimea goes dark after Russian shutdown leaves the peninsula without power", "Putin orders military exercise as protesters clash in Crimea", " 1 2020", "The longest trolleybus line in the world! [57] According to the Russian administration of Crimea, they dropped to 3.8million in 2014,[58] and rebounded to 5.6million by 2016. [48] The Crimean mountains greatly influence the amount of precipitation present in the peninsula. The USSR transferred Crimea to Ukraine on the 300th anniversary of the Pereyaslav Treaty in 1954. Behind it is the Syvash or "Putrid Sea", a system of lakes and marshes which in the far north extend west to the Perekop Isthmus. The south coast remained Greek in culture for almost two thousand years including under Roman successor states, the Byzantine Empire (3411204 CE), the Empire of Trebizond (12041461 CE), and the independent Principality of Theodoro (ended 1475 CE). It is important to understand that the situation in Crimea is fundamentally different from the current [36] The largest rivers are the Salhyr (Salr, ), the Kacha (), the Alma (), and the Belbek (). Over the next three generations, little has changed. Mangup/Doros (Gothic, Theodoro). Why Russia is changing ethnic composition of Crimea. It so happened historically that the territory of the peninsula was interesting to many peoples, since it has a favorable climate and convenient location. According to National Geographic, Crimea was among the top 20 travel destinations in 2013. [7], The vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) was first discovered here in 1868. [21], The north and centre of Crimea fell to the Mongol Golden Horde, although the south coast was still controlled by the Christian Principality of Theodoro and Genoese colonies. Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 12611475., harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJaoshvili2002 (, These numbers exclude the population numbers for Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky Uyezds, which were on mainland. Interior: Most of the former capitals of Crimea stood on the north side of the mountains. Today Crimean Tatars are returning to Crimea, changing the ethnic composition of the peninsula. Other residents of Crimea - Jews, Karaites, Eastern Europeans, and Turkic groups such as the Khazars and Kipchaks. First discovered on grape, it has also been found as a pest of some other crops and has since spread worldwide. [101] In 2013, however, the Crimean Tatar language was estimated to be on the brink of extinction, being taught in Crimea only in around 15 schools at that point. The Crimean Gothic, an East Germanic language, became extinct around the 18th century, while the Crimean Goths people diffuse into other ethnicities much earlier on. Only 24% of Crimean residents considered themselves to be Ukrainian. [38] The Alma and the Kacha are the second- and third-longest rivers. Having imposed its nationality, the Russian Federation forced into loyalty the population of the occupied peninsula under threat of criminal liability (see. The Alma flows west to reach the Black Sea between Yevpatoria and Sevastopol. 5.7 thousand people have dual citizenship, that is, Russian and Ukrainian. A Russian census in 2014 put the population at 2.285 million, with 65 percent identifying as Russian, 15 percent as Ukrainian, and 12 percent as Crimean Tatar. The Tatars were the predominant portion of the population in the mountainous area and about half of the steppe population, while Russians were concentrated most heavily in the Feodosiya district. [96], A 2019 survey with a response rate of 54% indicated a majority of Crimean residents support Russian governance, with approval for the 2014 referendum outcome at 84% among Russians, 77% among Ukrainians, and 52% among Tatars. Factor Number of people; Official figure of the population of Crimea without Sevastopol (official statistics on 01.01.2021) 1,901,578: Official figure of the permanent population of Sevastopol (official statistics on 01.01.2021) 509,992 Despite the large decrease in . Having imposed its nationality, the Russian Federation forced into loyalty the population of the occupied peninsula under threat of criminal liability (see. Simferopol/Ak-Mechet, the modern capital. See the, Crimea - Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. They exercise in extremis administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. The Belbek has the greatest average discharge at 2.16 cubic metres per second (76cuft/s). Life expectancy for the male population was 65.98 years, while for the female population it was 75.88 years. The most widespread religion in the Crimea is Orthodoxy. Crimea contains the longest (96km or 59mi) trolleybus route in the world, founded in 1959, stretching from Simferopol to Yalta. [71] This local electricity generation has proven insufficient for local consumption and since annexation by Russia, Crimea has been reliant on an underwater power cable to mainland Russia.[72]. Ozbeg Khan erected the first mosque in Eski Kyrym in 1314. Afterwards the Soviets deported a number of nationalities, including the Crimean Tartars, to other parts of the USSR. They are wonderful farmers and hardworking people who are respected by the local population. The city Staryi Krym ('Old Crimea'),[3] served as a capital of the Crimean province of the Golden Horde. [28], Life expectancy at birth for Crimea as a whole, calculated as weighted average between the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, according to number of population. The Crimean Tatars' ability to trace their roots to the peninsula back over seven centuries has led them to declare themselves the indigenous population of the region, with special attachment, rights, and privileges to the land (Vozgrin, 1994). [35], There are 257 rivers and major streams on the Crimean peninsula; they are primarily fed by rainwater, with snowmelt playing a very minor role. [49] In the central and mountainous areas the climate is transitional between the continental climate to the north and the Mediterranean climate to the south. There are many Crimean legends about famous touristic places, which attract the attention of tourists. [32] Russia then claimed to have annexed Crimea, although most countries recognize Crimea as part of Ukraine.[33]. Such groups include Crimean Tatars, Crimean Muslims and people with pro-Ukrainian political positions . In the 13th century, other Turkic peoples also settled here. At the beginning of the 20th century, a major development of palaces, villas, and dachas beganmost of which remain. Since becoming the 84th and 85th federal subjects of the Russian Federation in 2014,[93] voters in both have strongly supported United Russia in local and national elections. Estimates vary, but several suggest there are 500,000 Muslims in Ukraine, with the majority (300,000) being Crimean Tatar, who are Sunni Muslim. [48] For every 100m (330ft) increase in altitude, temperatures decrease by 0.65C (1.17F) while precipitation increases. Special issue. [25], In 2014 after Russian annexation of Crimea new authorities conducted a census. 93% of Crimean Tatars gave Crimean Tatar as their native language, 6% were Russophone. In the 1440s the Crimean Khanate formed out of the collapse of the horde[23] but quite rapidly itself became subject to the Ottoman Empire, which also conquered the coastal areas which had kept independent of the Khanate. Fishing, mining, and the production of essential oils are also important. The ASSR was dissolved in 1945, and the Crimea became an oblast which and was then transferred to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954, on the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav. The longest river of Crimea is the Salhyr at 204km (127mi). The birth rate is also growing. Many of his paintings depict the Black Sea. 38. Besides the isthmus of Perekop, the peninsula is connected to the Kherson Oblast's Henichesk Raion by bridges over the narrow Chonhar and Henichesk straits and over Kerch Strait to the Krasnodar Krai. 69/km (145th) Land Area . [63] Scelioninae and Tachinidae are important parasitoids of sunnpest. Crimea[a] (/krami/ (listen) kry-MEE-) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea. But at the same time, a decrease in the population by 0.4% is observed annually, mainly due to a decrease in the birth rate. 2015-2022 Ukrinform. During the late Middle Ages a few coastal cities were ruled by Italian city states. [18] In English usage since the early modern period the Crimean Khanate is referred to as Crim Tartary.[19]. A large number of ethnic Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars some put the total at 140,000 have. There also is the gas thermal Saky plant located close to Jodobrom chemical plant and SaKhZ(SaChP) boosted production with Perm GTE GTU25P (PS90GP25 25 MW aeroderivative GP) PGU turbogenerators. Slightly less Muslims, there are also Protestants and Catholics, Jews. The population in the cities of the peninsula depends on the size of the occupied territory and not only. Seventy-five percent of the remaining area of Crimea consists of semiarid prairie lands, a southward continuation of the PonticCaspian steppe, which slope gently to the northwest from the foothills of the Crimean Mountains. Pop. The coast then runs south to Sevastopol/Chersonesus, a good natural harbor, great naval base and the largest city on the peninsula. [73] The road bridge opened in May 2018, and the rail bridge opened in December 2019. All rights reserved. 2545 3. [17][26] Official Ukrainian authorities and Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People claimed doubts that the results of population census in Crimea represent the facts. [31][32], Life expectancy with calculated differences, Life expectancy in the Republic of Crimea, Life expectancy in Crimea and neighboring regions of the country, The 2001 Ukrainian census for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea cites the following figures for the population of "able-to-work age" (men 1659 years, women 1654 years):[33]. Peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. 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